ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ 2

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”

ืงื ื™ื™ืช / ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”
ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”
1. ื›ืžื” ืžืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื…
2. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”.
2.1 ื›ืœืœื™.
2.2 ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”.
2.3 ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื•.
2.4 ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช.
2.5 ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.
2.6 ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.
2.6.1 ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืงื•ื ื” – ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™.
2.6.2 ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ื›ืจ – ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
2.7 ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•.
2.8 ืชื™ืง ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
3. ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”.
3.1 ื›ืœืœื™.
3.2 ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
3.3 ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
3.4 ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ.
4. ืžืกื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช.
5. ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืžืกืžืš ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
5.1 ืžื”ื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
5.2 ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
5.3 ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช – ืœื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
5.4 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
6. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”.
7. ืฉืœื‘ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืจ.
7.1 ื›ืœืœื™.
7.2 ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื”.
7.3 ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
7.4 ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”
7.5 ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื“ืžื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื—.
8. ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.
8.1 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.
8.2 ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื”.
9. ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”.
10. ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•.
11. ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”.
ื›ืžื” ืžืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื.
ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆืขื“ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•.

ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ืจื™ืš, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ืœื›ื ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื, ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื.

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืืฃ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœืœืžื“ื›ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™; ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื – ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืกื” ื•ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ืขืกืงื”.

ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื™ื”ื ืœื›ื ืœืชื•ืขืœืช.

ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”? ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืื™ืฉื™ ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื”, ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืขื ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”

ื›ืœืœื™

ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืžืฆืืชื›ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืืช ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื? ื’ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืชืื™ื? ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื…? ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ!

ืœื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขืกืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืขื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื”.

ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืžื ื ื˜ืจื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืชื ืœื ืงื•ื ื™ื 'ื—ืชื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืง', ืืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช.

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื? ื™ื•ืคื™. ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš…
ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”
ื˜ืจื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ืืœื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ-ืฉื‘ื•ืข.

ืœื ืื—ืช ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื›ืฉื• ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืœืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื”ื, ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื, ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื”, ืฉื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืœื• ื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื•ืขืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ื˜ื ื” ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ืช ืžืคืœืฆืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืžื•ืœ ืกืœื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืชื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘, ื‘ื”ื, ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื-ืœื›ืŸ.

ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื˜ืจื ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื‘ื—ื ื• ื•ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื•ื›ื•'.

ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜. ืืœ ืชืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื™ืกื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื‘ืจื–ื™ื, ืžืฆื‘ ืืจื•ื ื•ืช (ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”, ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื), ื—ืคืฉื• ืกื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ื”ื ื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื”.

ืฉื™ืžื• ื’ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื”.

ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ื’ื ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื•' (ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื 5%-10% ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ืข"ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื‘ืœื ื™ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืืžื™ื ื”).

ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืงื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”, ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช, ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” (ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืžืช ื”ืจืขืฉ, ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ื•ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื•ืขื•ื“), ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื˜ืจื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•/ืื• ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืžื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื”, ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ื“ืœ"ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื. ื‘ื“ืงื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื, ืžืจื—ืง ืžืื–ื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืื• ืžืคืขืœ, ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžื›ื•ืœืช, ื‘ื ืง, ืงื•ืค"ื—, ื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื”ืื ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืฉื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”? ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ (ืžื“ื™ื“ื”) ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืชื›ื ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื ืกื— ื”ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื‘ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ? ื‘ืืชืจ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” (ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื’ื•ืฉ ื—ืœืงื”, ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื•ื›ื•'), ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจ, ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื”.
ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื•
ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืกืžืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืืช ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ื“ืงื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื” ื‘ืกืš 15 ืฉ"ื—, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2018; ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™).

ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื”, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™) ืœืคื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื ืงืœ ืœืืชืจ ืื•ืŸ-ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื’ื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืœืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื ื›ืก.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื— ื”ื˜ืื‘ื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื”ืื ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืืžื ื ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื”ืื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืจืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื”ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•/ืื• ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื, ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื— ื”ื˜ืื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืืฃ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืชืชืขื•ืจืจื ื” ืืฆืœื›ื.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ? ืœื—ืฆื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘.

ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืจื›ื‘ ืœืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืฆืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžื•ืกืžืš?!

ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื˜ืจื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ืื• ื›ืœ ื ื›ืก ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžืžื™ืจื‘ ื›ืกืคื›ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื’ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื˜ืจื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืกืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื (ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”) ื•ื›ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช-ื“ืขืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžืœืื” ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื” ืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ืจื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™, ืžืชืงื ื™ื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” (ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“), ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžื˜ืจื“ื™ื (ืจืžื•ืช ืจืขืฉ, ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘), ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ

ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ืก, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื; ื›ืžื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจืช ื’ื’, ื“ื™ืจืช ื’ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืงืจืงืข, ืžื’ืจืฉ, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืก, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื, ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื›ืก (ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื? ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื? ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช? ื•ื›ื•'), ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ื”ื ื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื”.

ืขืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขืชื? ืœื ืจืง ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืืœื ืฉืœืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก, ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื ืกื•ืช, ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ืกื”, ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ื›ื”ื ื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืžืื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื›ืกื™ื:

โ€ข ื—ืจื™ื’ืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจืชืฃ.
โ€ข ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ืžื—ืกืŸ ืื• ืžืฉืจื“.
โ€ข ืคืจื’ื•ืœื” ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ืžื—ืกืŸ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืจืคืกืช ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ/ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
โ€ข ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื“ืจ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ื—ื ื™ื” ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื’ื’ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ืคืชื™ื—ืช/ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ.
โ€ข ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ/ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
โ€ข ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš (ื•ืœืขืชื™ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืกืžืš) ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ื›ืก ื•ื”ืื ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืคื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ืก ืื›ืŸ ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืžื•ืงืฉื™ื.
ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื
ืื ืืชื ืžืชืขืชื“ื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื”, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื•ื–ืืช ื˜ืจื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืกื›ื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ืื•ืชื ืžืกืจืชื ืœื•, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื ื•ืื™ืžื•ืชื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืžืœืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœืคื™ื›ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฆืจ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ืื• ื‘ืกื ื™ืคื™ื”ื.

ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื›ื, ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœืคื™ื• ืื™-ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•/ืื• ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืชื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื›ื, ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื• ืขื™ืœื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช ืžืฆื“ื›ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฆื“ื›ื, ืขื ืกื›ื ื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ ืžื•ืกื›ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ.

ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื— ืขืžื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื (ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื: ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื• ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช, ืฉืงืœื™ืช, ื“ื•ืœืจื™ืช, ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื•ืœื™ื˜/ื‘ืœื•ืŸ, ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”, ืื• ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื—-ืฉืคื™ืฆืจ, ื•ื›ื•' (ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืชืจ).

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื“ืขื•, ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืžืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ 10/2012) ื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื ืจื›ืฉ (ืขื“ 75% ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื“ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืขื“ 70% ืœืžืฉืคืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืขื“ 50% ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื; ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื‘ืœื”).

ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืœื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืืชืจ ื–ื” (ืจืื• ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื ืคืชื— ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ), ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืœืงืจื•ื‘/ื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื™ืœื“/ื™ื) ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืž"ืžืฉืงื™ืข" ืœืจื•ื›ืฉ ืฉืœ "ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”", ื•ื›ืš ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 20%, ื›ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ), ื•ืืฃ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”.

ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืžื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื (ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื–ืืช ื‘ื ืกื— ื”ื˜ืื‘ื•) ื•ืžื”ื™ ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœื”.

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœืขื™ื•ื ื›ื ืžืกืžืš (ืชื“ืคื™ืก ืจืฉืžื™) ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืžืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื•. ื”ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืš ื’ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœื ื›ืก ืื—ืจ ื•ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื• ื•/ืื• ื ื›ืก ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื•. ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืกืงื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืชื ืชืขื“ื™ืคื• ืฉืคืขื•ืœืช ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื, ื’ื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืื ื•ืœืกื ื›ืจืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.

ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ืงืฆืช ืžืกื•ื‘ืš? ืœื ื ื•ืจื, ืืœ ืชื™ืœื—ืฆื•. ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื ื• ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืœืขืกืงื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื (ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืœื ืœืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื•ืชื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื”).

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• (ืชื™ืง ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ)
ื˜ืจื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ืื• ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื’ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื”ื ื›ืก (ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจื”) ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื—ืกื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘).

ื”ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืคืจื’ื•ืœื”, ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื’ื’, ื•ื›ื•'), ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.

ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื”ื ื›ืก ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื— ื—ืฆืจ (ื’ื™ื ื”), ืžื—ืกืŸ, ืคืจื’ื•ืœื”, ืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื•ื›ื•'.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ื›ืก ืื•ืชื• ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื›ืŸ ืชื•ืื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• (ื”ืื ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉื”ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื›ื ืื›ืŸ ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืจื”? ื”ืื ื”ื’ื’ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื”? ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”).

ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื”, ื”ืชืืžืชื” ืœืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืฉื‘ื ืกื— ื”ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื—ืกืŸ, ื’ื’, ื•ื›ื•'.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื•ืœืืžืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•/ืื• ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ (ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืคืœื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘).

ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ื ื›ื ืžืชืขืชื“ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื“ืขื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ (ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฉืžืื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื ืง), ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ื•/ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•/ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.

ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœืคืกื•ื— ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ื™ ืชื•ื•ื“ืื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขืกืงืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.

ืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืงื ื•ืŸ, ืชืฉืจื™ื˜ ื•ื›ื•' ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš (ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื” ื‘ืกืš 33 ืฉ"ื—, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2018; ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™).
ืชื™ืง ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช
ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” (ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืคืชื•ื— ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื).

ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ืคืก 4 (ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื›ืœื•ืก).

ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื•/ืื• ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช (ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืžืกื—ืจ, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืชื—ื ืช ื“ืœืง, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืคืืจืง, ื›ื™ื•"ื‘; ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืชื•ืคืชืขื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื”, ื›ืืŸ ืื• ืœื›ืืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ).

ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช (ืื ื™ืฉ) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื”ื™ ื”"ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”" ืฉืœื”ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื•ืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ืกื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” (ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ). ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืชื™ืง, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื›ืจื™ื›ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.

ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื”. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, ื™ื•ืขืจ, ื›ื™, ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืžื›ืจ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื’ื ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื™ื”ื ืขืจ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ).
ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”
ื›ืœืœื™
ื—ื•ืง ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืจื›ื™ืฉื”), ืชืฉื›"ื’ – 1963 ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ืžืก ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ื™ืจืชืŸ. ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 9(ื) ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืกืงืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœืื•ืฆืจ ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ/ื”ืงืœื” ืžืžืก.

ืžืก ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก, ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืœืงื•ื ื” (ืฉื”ื™ื ื• "ื™ื—ื™ื“") ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคืช (ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ), ืื• ืฉื–ื• ืœื• ื“ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™, ืื’ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื•ืžื ื•ืกื”.
ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ "ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”", ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ*:

ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื (ืฉ"ื—) ืื—ื•ื– ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” 1,664,520 0% (ืคื˜ื•ืจ – ืื™ืŸ ืžืก)
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” 1,974,335 3.5% (ื™ื—ืกื™)
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช 5,093,535 5% (ื™ื—ืกื™)
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช 16,978,450 8% (ื™ื—ืกื™)
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื "ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ 10% (ื™ื—ืกื™)
ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช "ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช", ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ*:

ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื (ืฉ"ื—) ืื—ื•ื– ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื“ 5,095,570 8% (ืžื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ)
ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžืขืœ 5,095,570 10% (ื™ื—ืกื™)

*ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ื "ืœ ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžืขืช ืœืขืช
(ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื "ืœ – ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช – ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ: ืžื™ื•ื 16.01.2018 ื•ืขื“ ืœื™ื•ื 15.01.2019).
ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ
ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืžืกืคืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.

ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ – ื”ืื ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื›ื.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื/ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”? ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืช? ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœื ื•.

ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”
ื”ืื ื‘ื“ืงืชื ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ืžืจืืฉ ืžื”ื• ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขืกืงื”?

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืžืจืืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื.

ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•/ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ:

โ€ข ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”.
โ€ข ืฉื›"ื˜ ืขื•"ื“.
โ€ข ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•.
โ€ข ื“ืžื™ ืขืžืœืช ืชื™ื•ื•ืš (ืื ื™ืฉ).
โ€ข ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš).
โ€ข ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืกืžืš (ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš).
โ€ข ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžื”ื ื“ืก – ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช (ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš).
โ€ข ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.
โ€ข ืขืœื•ืช ืืจื™ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืชื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ื•'.
โ€ข ืขืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื/ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื”ืชืงื ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
โ€ข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•/ืื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘.
โ€ข ื”ืคืกื“ ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื

ืžื”ื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?

ื˜ืขื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืืœื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื•.

ืœืคื™ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ืงื‘ืข, ื›ื™, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื ื—ืชื ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืกืžืš ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ (ืฉื›ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื•/ืื• ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš).

ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื ืื™ ืขืกืงืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” (ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ืจ ื™ื™ืขืจืš ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘), ืื•ืœื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื ื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืืœื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืืฉืจ ื ืขืจืš ื•/ืื• ื ื‘ื“ืง ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื (ื•ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช).

ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 8 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉื›"ื˜-1969, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ืžืกืžืš ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืฉืจืช ืืชื›ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ื™ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ (ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื›ืจ) ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื”.

ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ืจื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืš ืงืฆืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื• ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืกืงืช ืžื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ื”ืขืกืงื”.

ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืžืš ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื—ืชื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 8 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ), ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” – ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขืช" ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” – ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช".

ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช โ€“

ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ืก, ืกืš ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช, ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืขืชื™ื, ืืฃ ืื ื™ื”ื ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืชื•ื’ืฉ ืข"ื™ ืžื™ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืื›ื™ืคืชื•, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืœืคื™ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•/ืื• ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื•/ืื• ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ (ืœืžืฉืœ: ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืก).

ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช โ€“

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื”ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื’ืžืจื• ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืžืกืžืš ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืœืœืช ืžื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ืชื•ืงืคื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ื’ื ืžืกืžืš ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ืชื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืขืกืงื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•, ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืจืื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.
ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ืจื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื˜, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ, ืœืคื ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืœืœื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืกื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืกืงื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš 'ืžืงืฆื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื'.

ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื•ืจืง ืืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืคืชื— ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•/ืื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœื™ื, ืื’ื‘ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขืจื›ืื•ืช.

ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื•ืœื ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”) ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืก ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงื” (ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื” ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ – ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื; ื•ื›ืŸ, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— – ื‘ืชื•ืš 60 ื™ื•ื).

ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื•ื ื” ืœืจืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก ืื•ืชื” ื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ (ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ื•ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื›ืš).

ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื—ืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ืœืœื ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขืกืงืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื™ืฉ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก, ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ืกื”, ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืก, ื™ืคื•ื™ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช, ื ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•"ื‘). ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืžื—ื”.
ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช – ืœื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื!
ื–ื›ืจื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื”ืคื ื™ืžื•, ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”.

ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ, ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื™ืื™ืจ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขืกืงื” (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก, ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ืžื™ืกื•ื™, ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื”, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘) ื•ื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ 'ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ' ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฆืœื—.

ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื›ืžืชื ืืช ืชื ืื™ ืขืกืงื”, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” (ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœื›ื ื›ืกืฃ ืจื‘ ื•ืขื’ืžืช-ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ื•ืื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืืชื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืขืงืฉื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืœืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:

โ€ข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœืคื™ื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืจืืฉ, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžื™ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ืคืฆื” ืืช ืžืฉื ื”ื•, ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื›ื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™.
โ€ข ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื˜ืื‘ื•), ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ื—ืชื ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืขืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืžืก ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืชืงืฆืจืช (ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื).

ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ืจืื™ืชื ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืืช ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืืœ ืชื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืคื ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.
ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”
ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืžื ื•ืกื” ื•ืืžื™ืŸ.

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขืกืงื” (ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ืก ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก, ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื, ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ืžืก, ื•ื›ื•').

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืชื›ื ื•ืืช ื›ืกืคื›ื, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืกืงื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืžืŸ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ.

ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืขืกืงืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืฆื“ื›ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืœื ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืกืงื”.

ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืชื—ื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืก ืกื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื• ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
ืฉืœื‘ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ืจ


ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื:

โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื”.
โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื
โ€ข ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื“ืžื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืžื•ื›ืจ.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžืชื ืขื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืขืกืงื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ื ืกื— ื™ืฆื•ืจืฃ ื›ื ืกืคื— ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืจ.

ื›ื“ืื™, ื›ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืชืง/ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื•ืชืฉืžืจื• ืืฆืœื›ื ื‘ืชื™ืง ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื’ื ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืกืžืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ืืชื ื•/ืื• ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื–ื”.

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื”, ืืชื ืชืžืกืจื• ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉื™ืง ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงื“ืžื” ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืžื ื•, ืขื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื.

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืฉืขื”. ืœืจื•ื‘, ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ.
ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื”
ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”.

ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืžื ืข ืžื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืขืกืงื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื”, ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื”, ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ (ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืขื•ืชืง ืžืงื•ืจื™, ืื• ื”ืขืชืง ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ, ืžื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืจ; ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช).

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื‘ืฆืข ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ (ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ืขื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื›ื).

ืขืœื•ืช ืื’ืจืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื”ื™ื 157 ืฉ"ื—, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœื•ืช ืื’ืจืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื 126 ืฉ"ื— (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2018).

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ื ืก ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืฉื™ืง ื”ืžืงื“ืžื” ืœื ื™ื™ืžืกืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืืœื ื™ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 2-3 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—ื”), ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืœืจืฉื•ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืจื™ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ืœืžืฉืœ: ืขื™ืงื•ืœ, ืขืกืงื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช, ืื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืื—ืจืช).

ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ืช, ื•ื›ืš ืœื ืชืกื›ื ื• ืืช ื›ืกืคื›ื (ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืžื”).

ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืžื™ื ื”ืœ), ืื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื ืช (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื”), ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืช, ื•ื›ื•'.
ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
ืขืกืงืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืงื•ื ื”.

ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ:

โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ-ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.
โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืฉื˜ืจื™ ืžื›ืจ (ืื• ื—ื›ื™ืจื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ) ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื”.
โ€ข ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ.
โ€ข ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœืคื™ื• ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื•ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•/ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ ืœืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ: 'ื’ืจื™ื™ืก' ืฉืœ 7-14 ื™ืžื™ื).
โ€ข ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืจืื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื• ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกื™ืจื” ื•ืžืชืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคืจื” ื”ื ื˜ืขื ืช.
โ€ข ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžื•ืกื›ื ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืคืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื”, ื•ืขื•ื“.
โ€ข ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืžืื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™, ื”ืกื›ืžืช/ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’, ื•ื›ื•'.
โ€ข ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื“ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื—, ืžืก ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช) ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื ืืžืŸ (ืœืจื•ื‘, ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ) ืœืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘.
โ€ข ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ (ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืจื™ืืœื™ ืœืžื‘ื ื”) ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ "ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื" (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื”, ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื›ื•') ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืขืชืง).
โ€ข ืกืขื™ืฃ ืฉืœ "ื›ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ", ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื™ืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•/ืื• ืฉื‘ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•, ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช (ืžืก, ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช) , ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื•'.
ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”
ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 73(ื’). ืœื—ื•ืง ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืขืกืงื”, ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืื’ืฃ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.

ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” (ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืื• ื›ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”), ืœื›ืœื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ:

โ€ข ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืจื›ืฉืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ;
โ€ข ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”;
โ€ข ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื“ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช;
โ€ข ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืก ื”ืžื’ื™ืข (ืื ืžื’ื™ืข), ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•;
โ€ข ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” (ืื ื™ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”).

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืจืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื, ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ:

โ€ข ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” (ืžืงื•ืจื™, ืื• ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ);
โ€ข ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” (ืื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื ืช, ื•ื›ื•');
โ€ข ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืข"ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืชื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ – ื˜ื•ืคืก 7000ื.
โ€ข ื›ืœ ืžืกืžืš ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ/ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” (ืื ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ).

ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืชืช ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื›ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืžื˜ืขืžื•.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” (ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”).

ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื›ื, ืืช ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื ื™ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืข"ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื, ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ (ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืขื“ 36,000 ืฉ"ื—, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2018).

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ (ืื—ืจืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื ืกื•ืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช) ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื›ืš.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื ืืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขื ื—ื•ืชืžืช "ื ืชืงื‘ืœ" ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.

ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 01.12.2017 ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ (ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื›ื ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื), ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™ ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ).
ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื“ืžื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื—
ืกืขื™ืฃ 15(ื‘) ืœื—ื•ืง ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข, ืฉืขืœ ืงื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื“ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืก ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื• (ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืžืก).

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื“ืžื” ื ื’ื–ืจ (15%/7.5%) ืžืกืš ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืจ (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื• ื ืจื›ืฉ ื”ื ื›ืก).

ืกืขื™ืฃ 15(ื“) ืœื—ื•ืง ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืžื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื•ืœืžื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืก ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžืงื“ืžื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืœื ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืกืงื”.

ืกืขื™ืฃ 15(ื“)(ื) ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ืœืฉื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• .

ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื™ืœื ืœืžื•ื›ืจ 40% ืžื”ืชืžื•ืจื”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื“ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ื›ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื•/ืื• ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช.
ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื
ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืข"ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”.

ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก (ืฉืคื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืข"ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื ืง), ื–ืืช ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื:

ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืื—ื•ื– ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช
ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื“ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” 75% ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื“ื™ืจื”
ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ "ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”" 70% ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœ"ืžืฉืคืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ"
ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ "ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช" 50% ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœ"ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื" ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช
ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื”
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื–ืžืŸ, ืื–ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.

ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื”ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:

โ€ข ื”ืžืฆืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืชื ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื“ืคื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง, ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ืฉื›ืจ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืก ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื, ืคืจื˜ื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘).
โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช.
โ€ข ื”ืžืฆืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื (ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื).
โ€ข ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืžืื™ ืžื•ืกืžืš (ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืฉืžืื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง) ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื™ืจื”.
โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ (ื•ื“ืื• ืžืจืืฉ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืืชื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื).
โ€ข ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ืชื• ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื• ื ื•ืกืคืช (ืขืœื™ื• ืชื—ืชืžื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขืกืงื”).
โ€ข ื™ืฉ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืื•ืช ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ืขื ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื ืชืงื‘ืœ).

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื“ืื•ื’, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื™ื—ืชืžื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืžืกืžืš ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื (ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ืชื™ืจืฉื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื).

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืœืžืชื ืœื”ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” (ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•ื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ), ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื“ืฃ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืื• ืฉื™ืง ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื).

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื”ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืขืœ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ืชืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื ืจื›ืฉืช ื”ื™ื ื” "ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”", ืื• "ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช".

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ื™ืจืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ื™ืžืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื”, ืื•ืชื• ืชืžืกืจื• ืœื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื (ื”ืขืจื”: ื›ื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื›ื, ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืžื•ื–ืœ).

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ืง, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช, ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื—ืื” ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืขืœ-ืฉืžื.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืืชื ืคื•ืจืขื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ืžื›ืชื‘ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช", ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžืืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื•, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื™ืชืจืช ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื ืขื“ ืœืชืืจื™ืš ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื "ืœ, ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•.
ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ
ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืจืชื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” "ื ืงื™ื™ื”".

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ ืชืžื•ืจื”), ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืกืจืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื:

โ€ข ื’ืจื™ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื: ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื• ืœื ื›ืก ืื—ืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ: ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืจื›ืฉ).
โ€ข ื”ืงืคืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื: ืกืš ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง (ืขื“ ื’ืจื™ืจืชื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื›ืก ืื—ืจ, ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
โ€ข ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื: ืกืš ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืฉื•ืœื ืœื‘ื ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื™ืจืขื•ื ื”.

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื™ืžืฆื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื” ืžืกืžืš ื”ืงืจื•ื™ "ืžื›ืชื‘ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช" (ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืชืงืฃ) ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืืฉืจ ืžื”ื• ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืœื ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื™ืžืฆื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื” ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• "ื ืงื™", ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืืžื ื ื ืžื—ืงื”.
ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”
ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™ื›ื, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ – ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื”ื’ื–, ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื, ืžืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ื–ืงื”, ืื ื™ืฉ).

ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ืืœ ืชืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื• โ€“ ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื—ื–ืงื”, ื‘ื• ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ืจื” (ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืชืขื“ ื–ืืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ืœืก ื•/ืื• ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื•).

ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื•ื“ืื• ืžื•ืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ-ืฉืžื›ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื˜ืื‘ื•) ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•/ืื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืขื ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ (BACK TO BACK) ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืืžื•ืจ.

ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.
ืฉืœื‘ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•
ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ืžืฉืžื• ืฉื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื”.

ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื”.

ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื), ื”ืชืฉืข"ื‘-2011, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ืขืœ-ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื”, ืื•ืชื” ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื›ืืŸ.

ื™ื•ืขืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืงืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืฆืจืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื (ืื ื• ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืืŸ ืœืขืกืงื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ).

ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื˜ืื‘ื• ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:

โ€ข ืฉื˜ืจื™ ืžื›ืจ, ืื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื›ื™ืจื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช (ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื• ืจืฉื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ).
โ€ข ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื (ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ).
โ€ข ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื ืœืงื—ื” ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืฉื˜ืจื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื•ืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” (ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืขื ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื• ืจืฉื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ).
โ€ข ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ืื‘ื• (ืœืคื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”).
โ€ข ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ืœื˜ืื‘ื• (ืœืคื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืžืก ืฉื‘ื—).
โ€ข ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืก ืจื›ื•ืฉ (ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืขืกืงื” ืจืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืช 2000).
โ€ข ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœืจืฉื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 324 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื”ืชืฉื›"ื”1965 (ื•ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ).
โ€ข ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื’ืจื•ืช ื˜ืื‘ื• (ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™, ืื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ืง).

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ืœืฉื›ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ (ื”ืขืจื”: ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื›ื).

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขืžื›ื ืืžื ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ืขื“ื›ื ื™ .
ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” – ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœื ืชืฉื›ื—ื•:

โ€ข ืงืจืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื˜ืจื ื—ืชื™ืžืชื•. ื•ืืœ ืชืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•/ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช!
โ€ข ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืกื™ื›ืžืชื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื .
โ€ข ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ื ืกื— ื˜ืื‘ื• ืขื“ื›ื ื™ (ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื”).
โ€ข ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืื ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
โ€ข ื“ืื’ื• ืฉืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืžื”, ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืขืช ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื™ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ.
โ€ข ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืชื™ืง ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืกืงื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืชื™ื–ืงืงื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืฉื›ืจ-ื˜ืจื—ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ื“ืžื™ ืชื™ื•ื•ืš, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืžืื™, ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘).
ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื•
ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.

ืื ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฆืžื•ื“, ื”ื—ืœ ืœืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื ื›ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”, ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืก, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• ื•/ืื• ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ืขื“ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืขืœ-ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื”; ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืชื•ืš ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืœืงื•ื—.

ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื ืฆื‘ืจื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื ื“ืœื "ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.

ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื’ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืชื›ื ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืขืžื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืงื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”.

ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” – ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ.